بررسی اثرگذاری مصلای بزرگ تهران بر توسعه محلات شهری پیرامون نمونه موردی؛ محله عباسآباد | ||
| فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 7، شماره 15، دی 1404، صفحه 16-37 اصل مقاله (2.65 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/sdge.2025.240040.1264 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فروغ اسکندری نسب؛ علی شماعی* ؛ حبیب اله فصیحی | ||
| گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی،شهر تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه: توسعه شهری: مفهومی چندبعدی و فرایندی پویاست که فراتر از رشد کالبدی صرف شهر عمل میکند و در آن ارتباطات و تعاملات اجتماعی نقش کلیدی در شکلگیری و پیشرفت شهر ایفا میکند این مفهوم با تأکید بر جنبههای خلاقانه و مردممحور، به دنبال ایجاد فضاهای شهری پویا و سرزنده است که با محوریت نیازها و خواستههای شهروندان شکل میگیرند این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل تأثیرات مصلای بزرگ تهران بر توسعه محله عباسآباد و کمک به غنای مبانی نظری و توسعه پایدار شهری انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: از نظر روششناسی، این پژوهش از نوع (کیفی و کمی) است. دادهها از دو منبع اصلی گردآوری شدهاند: منابع کتابخانهای (شامل کتابها، مقالات، گزارشها و پایاننامهها) و دادههای پیمایشی. پرسشنامه محققساخته با ۴۰ گویه و طیف ۵ گزینهای برای ارزیابی ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و زیستمحیطی تأثیرات مصلی طراحی شد. جامعه آماری شامل ۱۱۵,۹۳۰ خانوار ساکن در محله عباسآباد بوده و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و با ضریب اطمینان ۹۵ درصد، ۳۸۴ نفر تعیین شد. دادهها با استفاده از آزمون تی تست و رگرسیون در نرمافزار SPSS تحلیل شدند. نتایج و بحث: یافتهها نشان دادند که مصلای تهران تأثیرات مثبت قابل توجهی بر ابعاد کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیستمحیطی محله عباسآباد داشته است. در بعد کالبدی، بهبود زیرساختهای حملونقل (43/4)، جدولبندی و زهکشی (12/4) و زیرساختهای برق (12/4) از دستاوردهای مهم بودند. در بعد اقتصادی، گسترش فعالیتهای تجاری (19/4) و رشد فرصتهای اشتغال (59/3) مشاهده شد. در بعد اجتماعی، افزایش تعاملات اجتماعی (20/4) و دسترسی بهتر به وسایل نقلیه عمومی (74/3) از تأثیرات مثبت بودند. در بعد زیستمحیطی، بهبود نظافت محله (23/4) و مدیریت پسماند (53/3) از دستاوردها بودند، اما افزایش آلودگی هوا از ۵۰ به ۷۰ PPM و کاهش سرانه فضای سبز (از ۳۰۰۰ به ۲۵۰۰ مترمربع) از چالشهای باقیمانده هستند. تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان داد که تأثیرات مصلی در مقیاس کلی چندان معنادار نبودهاند (سطح معناداری 398/0) که بیانگر نیاز به برنامهریزی دقیقتر برای توزیع عادلانهتر منافع و کاهش اثرات منفی است. نتیجهگیری: مصلای بزرگ تهران بهعنوان یک مگاپروژه شهری تأثیرات گسترده و چندبعدی بر محله عباسآباد داشته است که شامل ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیستمحیطی میشود. در بعد اقتصادی، این پروژه موجب بهبود شرایط اقتصادی، گسترش فعالیتهای تجاری، رشد فرصتهای اشتغال و جذب سرمایه شده، اما در مقابل افزایش چشمگیر قیمت مسکن که تقریباً دو برابر شده و تأثیر منفی بر بازارهای سنتی را به همراه داشته و برای برخی ساکنان چالشهایی ایجاد کرده است. در بعد اجتماعی، مصلی به تقویت تعاملات اجتماعی، افزایش حس تعلق ساکنان، بهبود فرصتهای ادامه تحصیل، دسترسی بهتر به وسایل نقلیه عمومی و افزایش حس مکان کمک کرده، ولی در مقابل افزایش ترافیک و کاهش امنیت محله از چالشهای مهم باقیمانده هستند که نیاز به توجه ویژه دارند. در بعد زیستمحیطی، ساکنان ارزیابی نسبتاً مطلوبی داشتهاند و بهبود نظافت محله و مدیریت پسماند از دستاوردهای مثبت بوده، اما افزایش قابل توجه آلودگی هوا و کاهش سرانه فضای سبز از چالشهای جدی زیستمحیطی هستند که نگرانیهایی برای آینده محله ایجاد کردهاند. تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان داد که اگرچه مصلی تأثیرات خاصی بر برخی جنبههای محله داشته، اما در مقیاس کلی و در ارتباط با تمام متغیرها این تأثیرات معنادار نبوده و بیشتر در ابعاد خاصی متمرکز است. یافتههای این پژوهش با مطالعات قبلی در مورد مگاپروژههای شهری همسو بوده و نشان میدهد که بدون برنامهریزی دقیق، این پروژهها میتوانند به تخریب هویت فضایی منجر شوند. برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار و متوازن در این منطقه، برنامهریزیهای آینده باید با رویکردی چندبعدی انجام شود که ضمن تقویت اثرات مثبت پروژه، به کنترل و کاهش فعال پیامدهای منفی نیز بپردازد و منافع را به طور عادلانهتر توزیع کند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مصلای بزرگ تهران؛ توسعه محلات شهری؛ تحلیل رگرسیون؛ توسعه پایدار شهری؛ محله عباسآباد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the Impact of Tehran's Grand Mosalla on the Development of Surrounding Urban Neighborhoods Case Study: Abbas Abad Neighborhood | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Forough Eskandarinasab؛ Ali Shamai؛ Habibollah Fasihi | ||
| Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Urban development is a multidimensional concept and a dynamic process that operates beyond the mere physical growth of the city, where social interactions play a key role in shaping and advancing the city. This concept, emphasizing creative and people-centered aspects, seeks to create dynamic and vibrant urban spaces that are formed around the needs and desires of citizens. This study aims to analyze the impacts of the Tehran Grand Mosalla on the development of the Abbas-Abad neighborhood and to contribute to theoretical discussions on sustainable urban development. Materials and Methods: In terms of methodology, this research adopts a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from two main sources: literature resources (including books, articles, reports, and theses) and survey data. A researcher-developed questionnaire with 40 items and a 5-point scale was designed to assess the economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions of Mosalla's impacts. The statistical population consisted of 115,930 households residing in Abbas-Abad neighborhood, and the sample size was determined to be 384 individuals using Cochran's formula with a 95% confidence coefficient. Data were analyzed using t-tests and regression analysis in SPSS. Results and Discussion: The findings showed that Tehran Grand Mosalla has had significant positive impacts on the physical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions of Abbas-Abad neighborhood. In the physical dimension, improvement of transportation infrastructure (4.43), sidewalks and drainage (4.12), and electricity infrastructure (4.12) were among the most significant improvements. In the economic dimension, expansion of commercial activities (4.19) and growth of employment opportunities (3.59) were observed. In the social dimension, increased social interactions (4.20) and better access to public transportation (3.74) were among the positive impacts. In the environmental dimension, improvement of neighborhood cleanliness (4.23) and waste management (3.53) were among the achievements, but increased air pollution from 50 to 70 PPM and decreased per capita green space (from 3000 to 2500 square meters) are among the remaining challenges. Regression analysis showed that the impacts of Mosalla at the overall scale were not statistically significant (significance level 0.398), which indicates the need for more precise planning for fairer distribution of benefits and reduction of negative effects. Conclusion: Tehran Grand Mosalla as a major urban megaproject has had extensive and multidimensional impacts on Abbas-Abad neighborhood, encompassing economic, social, and environmental dimensions. In the economic dimension, this project has led to improvement of economic conditions, expansion of commercial activities, growth of employment opportunities, and capital attraction, but in contrast, has significantly increased housing prices, nearly doubling them and negative impacts on traditional markets, creating challenges for some residents. In the social dimension, Mosalla has contributed to strengthening social interactions, increasing residents' sense of belonging, improving educational opportunities, better access to public transportation, and increasing sense of place, but in contrast, increased traffic and decreased neighborhood security remain important challenges that require special attention. In the environmental dimension, residents reported relatively positive perceptions, and improvement of neighborhood cleanliness and waste management have been positive achievements, but significant increases in air pollution and decreased per capita green space are serious environmental challenges that have created concerns for the neighborhood's future. Regression analysis showed that although Mosalla has had specific impacts on some aspects of the neighborhood, at the overall scale and in relation to all variables, these impacts have not been significant and are mostly concentrated in specific dimensions. The findings of this research are aligned with previous studies on urban megaprojects and show that without precise planning, these projects can lead to erosion of spatial identity. To achieve sustainable and balanced development in this area, future planning should be carried out with a multidimensional approach that, while strengthening the positive effects of the project, also actively controls and reduces negative consequences and distributes benefits more equitably. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Grand Mosalla of Tehran, urban neighborhood development, regression analysis, sustainable urban development, Abbas Abad neighborhood | ||
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