سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

طهرانی, مریم, خواستار, حمزه, حسن پور, اکبر, رجب پور, راضیه. (1404). مفهوم پردازی، شناسایی و رتبه بندی پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان. , 16(1), 69-102. doi: 10.48308/jpap.2025.237017.1417
مریم طهرانی; حمزه خواستار; اکبر حسن پور; راضیه رجب پور. "مفهوم پردازی، شناسایی و رتبه بندی پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان". , 16, 1, 1404, 69-102. doi: 10.48308/jpap.2025.237017.1417
طهرانی, مریم, خواستار, حمزه, حسن پور, اکبر, رجب پور, راضیه. (1404). 'مفهوم پردازی، شناسایی و رتبه بندی پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان', , 16(1), pp. 69-102. doi: 10.48308/jpap.2025.237017.1417
طهرانی, مریم, خواستار, حمزه, حسن پور, اکبر, رجب پور, راضیه. مفهوم پردازی، شناسایی و رتبه بندی پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان. , 1404; 16(1): 69-102. doi: 10.48308/jpap.2025.237017.1417

مفهوم پردازی، شناسایی و رتبه بندی پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان

چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، فروردین 1404، صفحه 69-102    اصل مقاله (1.1 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/jpap.2025.237017.1417
نویسندگان
مریم طهرانی* 1؛ حمزه خواستار2؛ اکبر حسن پور3؛ راضیه رجب پور4
1گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی؛ تهران، ایران
2گروه مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
4گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران
چکیده
هدف: رفتار غیراخلاقی شهرت سازمان را خدشه دار می‌کند، مسئولیت های قانونی ایجاد می‌کند و اعتماد عمومی را کاهش می‌دهد. همچنین در سازمان‌ها «خشونت، قلدری و سایر رفتارهای بد، عوارض روانی، عاطفی، ذهنی و جسمی بر کارکنان وارد می‌کند. ون بورن، گرین‌وود و شیهان مدیران منابع انسانی را تشویق می‌کنند که «مسئولیت تجزیه و تحلیل اخلاقی و عملکردی را در سازمان‌هایشان بر عهده بگیرند». مدیران منابع انسانی نیز از اعضای حرفه خود می‌خواهند که نقشی محوری در پیشبرد عملکرد اخلاقی ایفا کنند. با این حال، آگاهی از عمل اخلاقی صحیح، به معنای ترویج آن عمل نیست. افراد باید علاوه بر آگاهی، برای معیارهای اخلاقی، بیش از سایر ملاحظات اهمیت قائل شوند. اما حتی زمانی که اعضای سازمان‌ها مسیر عمل اخلاقی صحیح را می‌دانند و می‌خواهند مطابق با آن رفتار کنند، پیامدهای شخصی منفی مرتبط با اقدامات اخلاقی ممکن است آنها را منصرف کند. «فردی ممکن است از نظر اخلاقی حساس باشد، قضاوت‌های اخلاقی خوبی داشته باشد، و ارزش‌های اخلاقی را در اولویت قرار دهد، اما اگر فرد تحت فشار پژمرده شود، به راحتی حواسش پرت شود یا دلسرد شود و تبدیل به یک آدم بی اراده و ضعیف گردد، شکست اخلاقی رخ می‌دهد. اعضای سازمان‌ها فراتر از میل به دنبال کردن مسیر اصولی، برای رسیدن به مقصود اخلاقی خود نیازمند قدرت اخلاقی هستند. به طور خلاصه، آنها اغلب به شجاعت اخلاقی برای رفتار اخلاقی نیاز دارند.  با توجه به اهمیت روزافزون شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان‌ها، هدف این مقاله مفهوم‌سازی، شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی است.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توسعه‌ای است که به صورت ترکیبی (کیفی- کمی) انجام شده است. در بخش کیفی (فراتحلیل)، جامعه پژوهش را کلیه مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه تشکیل می‌دهد که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند معیارمحور انتخاب شدند. در این راستا، پس از جستجو در پایگاه‌های علمی، 89 پژوهش مرتبط استخراج و با بررسی آنها، مفهوم شجاعت اخلاقی و پیشایندها و پیامدهای آن شناسایی شد. سپس با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون وزن‌دهی و رتبه‌بندی شاخص‌ها انجام شد. در بخش کمی، جامعه آماری کارکنان سازمان بیمه است.
یافته­های پژوهش: در این تحقیق مقوله‌های مرتبط با مفهوم شجاعت اخلاقی به ترتیب عبارتند از: اخلاق‌گرایی (1)، عزم راسخ (2)، جسارت‌طلبی (3) و مقوله‌های مربوط به مقدمات شجاعت اخلاقی، عوامل فردی. (1)، تأثیر رهبری (2)، محیط اجتماعی (3)، کنترل درونی و بیرونی (4)، حمایت همه جانبه (5)، و مقولات مربوط به پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی، به ترتیب، پیامدهای فردی مثبت (1)، پیامدهای اجتماعی مثبت (2)، پیامدهای فردی منفی (3)، رتبه‌بندی می‌شوند. با توجه به رتبه‌بندی مضامین، رفتارهای اخلاقی در مفهوم‌سازی شجاعت اخلاقی و نگرش‌های فردی در پیشایندهای شجاعت اخلاقی و آسیب‌های فردی در پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی از سایر مضامین اهمیت بیشتری دارد.
محدودیت­ها و پیامدها: این پژوهش تنها با بررسی جامع ادبیات انجام شده است و مدل به دست آمده نیاز به بررسی میدانی و عملیاتی در بستر سازمانی دارد.
پیامدهای عملی: شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلفی قرار می‌گیرد و پیامدهای بسیاری دارد. بنابراین، این عوامل و پیامدها باید شناسایی شوند و مورد توجه قرار گیرند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند کمک قابل توجهی به مدیران و کارکنان سازمان‌ها در جهت افزایش شجاعت اخلاقی و ارتقای سلامت سازمانی کند.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: تحقیقات زیادی در زمینه شجاعت اخلاقی انجام شده است. در اکثر تحقیقات انجام شده مفهوم شجاعت اخلاقی در سازمان‌ها به صورت همبستگی مطرح شده است و نشان می‌دهد که چه عواملی بر آن تأثیر می‌گذارد و آن را در سازمان تقویت یا تضعیف می‌کند، به عنوان مثال ویژگی‌های فردی مانند جنسیت و چه عواملی از آن تأثیر می‌پذیرد و به عبارت دیگر پیامدها و نتایج آن چیست؛ به عنوان مثال، افزایش رفاه. در پژوهش‌های مختلف، عوامل مؤثر در شکل‌گیری شجاعت اخلاقی و پیامدهای آن به صورت پراکنده ذکر شده است. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع و نقش مهمی که در سازمان‌ها دارد، در این مقاله سعی بر آن است تا با مروری نظام‌مند و همه‌جانبه بر تحقیقات پیشین، شجاعت اخلاقی مفهوم‌سازی شود و پیشایندها و پیامدهای آن شناسایی و دسته‌بندی شود. بنابراین دستیابی به مدلی جامع از مفهوم، پیشایندها و پیامدهای شجاعت اخلاقی با روش فراترکیب به عنوان الگویی برای سایر پژوهش‌ها، از ارزش‌های مقاله می‌باشد.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
کلیدواژه‌ها
اخلاق؛ رفتارهای اخلاقی؛ شجاعت؛ شجاعت اخلاقی؛ فراترکیب؛ آنتروپی شانون
عنوان مقاله [English]
Conceptualizing, Identifying and Ranking the Antecedents and Consequences of Moral Courage in Organization
نویسندگان [English]
Maryam Tehrani1؛ Hamze Khastar2؛ Akbar Hassanpoor3؛ Razieh Rajabpoor4
1Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
4Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Purpose: Unethical behavior tarnishes organizational reputations, creates legal liabilities, and reduces public trust. Meanwhile, within organizations, “[i]ncivility, bullying, and other bad behavior take a psychological, emotional, mental, and physical toll on employees”. Van Buren, Greenwood, and Sheehan exhort human resource managers to “take up the responsibility of being the advocates for ethical HRM analysis and practice within their organizations”. Human resource executives, too, call upon members of their profession to play a pivotal role in leading ethical practice. Yet, knowledge of the morally correct action does not dependably promote that action. Individuals also need to care about moral criteria more than other considerations. However, even when members of organizations know the ethically correct course of action and want to behave accordingly, the negative personal consequences associated with ethical action may deter them. “A person may be morally sensitive, make good moral judgments, and place high priority on moral values, but if the person wilts under pressure, is easily distracted or discouraged, is a wimp and weak-willed, then moral failure occurs”. Beyond the desire to pursue the principled path, members of organizations require ethical strength to reach their moral destination. In short, they often need moral courage to behave ethically. Considering the increasing importance of moral courage in organizations, this article aims to conceptualize and identify the antecedents and consequences of moral courage.
Design/ methodology/ approach: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and developmental in terms of its method, which was done in a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) way. In the qualitative part (meta-analysis), the research population is made up of all the studies conducted in this field, which were selected using the criterion-oriented purposeful sampling method. In this regard, after searching in scientific databases, 89 related studies were extracted, and by examining them, the concept of moral courage and its antecedents and consequences were identified. Then, using Shannon's entropy method, the weighting and ranking of indicators were done. The statistical population of a small part includes insurance staff.
Research Findings: In this research, the categories related to the concept of moral courage are, respectively, moralism (1), determination (2), boldness (3), and the categories related to the antecedents of moral courage, respectively, individual factors (1), The impact of leadership (2), social environment (3), internal and external control (4), comprehensive support (5), and categories related to the consequences of moral courage, respectively, positive individual consequences (1), positive social consequences (2), negative individual consequences (3), are ranked. Regarding the ranking of themes, moral behaviors in the conceptualization of moral courage, individual attitudes in the antecedents of moral courage, and personal injuries in the consequences of moral courage are more important than other themes.
Limitations & Consequences: This research was conducted only with a comprehensive review of the literature, and the obtained model requires a field and operational investigation in an organizational platform.
Practical Consequences: Moral courage in the organization is influenced by various factors and has many consequences. Therefore, these factors and consequences should be identified and considered. The results of the present research can significantly help managers and employees increase moral courage and improve organizational health.
Innovation or value of the Article: Many researches have been done in the field of moral courage; In most of the conducted researches, the concept of moral courage in organizations has been discussed in the form of correlation and it shows what factors affect it and strengthen or weaken it in the organization, For example, individual features like gender, and what factors are affected by it, and in other words, what are its consequences and results; For example, increasing prosperity. In various research studies, factors affecting the formation of moral courage and its consequences have been mentioned in scattered ways. Considering the importance of this issue and the important role that it has in organizations, in this article, an attempt is made to conceptualize moral courage and identify and categorize its antecedents and consequences through a systematic and comprehensive review of previous research. So, achieving a comprehensive model about the Concept, antecedents, and consequences of moral courage with a meta-analysis method as a model for other research is the article's value.
Paper Type: Original Paper
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Morality, Moral Behavior, Courage, Moral Courage, Meta-Analysis, Shannon Entropy
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