تحلیل نحوۀ بازنمایی معماری و شهرسازی ایرانی ـ اسلامی در فیلمهای سینمای ایران با رویکرد نظریات استوارت هال | ||
| صفه | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 107، 1403، صفحه 17-40 اصل مقاله (1022.36 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/soffeh.2024.105151 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی اوصانلو1؛ علی شیخ مهدی* 2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد سینما، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اهداف و پیشینه: در زمینة رابطة سینما و معماری پژوهشهای بسیاری انجام گرفته و هدف در غالب آنها کوشش در فهم دلایل و چگونگی نمایش تاریخ و سبک بناهای معماری یا فضاهای شهری در فیلم بوده است. اما در این پژوهش، هدف اصلی مشخص کردن میزان اثری است که فضاها و بناهای معماری و شهری بر قصه و فضاسازی فیلم میگذارند. مواد و روشها: در ایران به گونهای از معماری و شهرسازی چند دهة گذشته، ایرانی ـ اسلامی اطلاق میشود که غالباً برگرفته از عناصر بومی و نشانههای سنتی و از لحاظ کالبدی و کارکردی مطابق با تفکر اسلامی و بومی باشد. از طرفی، یکی از مهمترین عناصر دخیل در شکل و فرم فیلم، صحنه یا لوکیشن است که بنابر اقتضای ژانر و داستان فیلم، انتخاب و طراحی میشود. لوکیشن فیلم و صحنههایی که سکانسها در آنها پردازش میشوند، به فضاسازی و حالوهوای فیلم کمک میکنند و در القای حس صحیح از داستان به بیننده نقش مهمی دارند. بر این اساس در این مقاله، نحوة بازنمایی سبک اسلامی ـ ایرانی معماری و شهرسازی در فیلمهای ایرانی پس از انقلاب که از لوکیشن و صحنه برای ایجاد معنا و مفهوم مرتبط با داستان خود بهره بردهاند، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای مقولهای، تحلیل شده است. ازاینرو در شش دسته از انواع بازنمایی به این موضوع پرداخته شده است. مقولات لازم برای تشریح نحوة بازنمایی فضای شهری در فیلمها، با توجه به نظریات استوارت هال، استخراج گردیده و با نظر کارشناسان هردو زمینة سینما و شهرسازی، کمّیسازی و امتیازدهی شدهاند؛ به این معنا که به تحلیل این موضوع پرداخته شده که در کدام یک از فیلمهای نمونة موردی، بیشترین قرابت و ارتباط بین فضای معماری و شهرسازی در صحنهپردازی و داستان فیلم وجود دارد. روش تحقیق در این مقاله از لحاظ هدف، بنیادی و تبدیل دادههای کیفی به کمّی است. نتایج و جمعبندی: طبق نتایج بهدستآمده، لوکیشن یا صحنه یکی از مهمترین ابزارهایی است که به فیلمساز در ایجاد حالوهوای مد نظر و تأثیر بر بیننده کمک میکند. ازهمینرو، زمانی که نمایش فضای شهرسازی و معماری لوکیشن فیلم بر اساس منطق داستانی آن باشد و با تفکر و روش صحیح استفاده شود، به ایجاد حس نهفته در داستان در بیننده و فضاسازی بهتر کمک خواهد کرد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش و تحلیل فیلمهای نمونة موردی پژوهش، فیلمهای «هامون»، «پری» و «نار و نی»، که هر 6 جنبة بازنمایی فضای شهری در آنها لحاظ شدهاند، با امتیاز بالاتر، از نظر کیفیات مد نظر پژوهش، رتبة بالاتری را کسب کردهاند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| سینما؛ بازنمایی؛ معماری؛ شهرسازی؛ ایرانی ـ اسلامی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Analysis of the Representation of Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urbanism in Iranian cinema Using Stewart Hall’s Theories | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| ali osanlu1؛ ali sheikhmehdi2 | ||
| 1MA of Cinema,, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modarres, University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Many researches have been conducted on the relationship between cinema and architecture, often trying to understand why and how to show the history and style of buildings or urban spaces in the film. In the present research, the main goal is to reverse the trend and study the impact of architectural and urban spaces on the story and atmosphere of the film. Methods: In the past few decades in Iran, the term ‘Iranian-Islamic’has referred to a type of architecture and urban planning that is often derived from local elements, complete with traditional signs and built in line with Islamic and local thinking. On the other hand, one of the most important elements involved in the form of films is the scene or the location, which is selected and designed according to the genre and story of the movie. The location and the scenes in which the film sequences are processed, help to create an atmosphere and mood for the film and play an important role in providing the correct sense of the story to the viewer. What is addressed here, using categorical content analysis, is the ways of representing the Islamic-Iranian architecture and urban planning in Iranian post-revolutionary films; those which have used location and scene to create meaning and concept related to their story. This is discussed in terms of the six categories of representation, extracted from Stuart Hall’s theories and quantified and scored according to expert opinion in both cinema and urban planning. In other words, the analysis is focused on which of the examples has the strongest association between the architectural-urban space and the story. The research method is basic in terms of purpose and converting qualitative data into quantitative. Results and conclusion: According to the results, the location is one of the most important tools that helps the filmmaker in creating the desired mood and impact on the viewer. Therefore, an urban-architectural space based on the story logic and used with the right thinking and method, will create the desired feeling for the viewer, and create a better atmosphere. The analysis of the example showed that the films Hamoon, Pary andNar-o Ney in which all six aspects of the representation of the urban space are included scored higher in terms of qualities sought in this research. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Cinema, Representation, Architecture, Urban planning, Iranian-Islamic | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afagh, M. “Cinematographer’s Urban Sense and Perception”. Urban Management Quarterly, no. 9 (2002): 76-87. (In Persian) Ahmadi, B. Modernity and Critical Thought. Tehran: Nashre Markaz Publication, 2001. (In Persian) Ahmadian, R. and N. Changizi. “Investigating the Identity Indicators of the Urban Space in the Historical Context (Case Example of Kerman Bazaar)”. Scientific Research Quarterly of Iranian Islamic City, no. 11 (2013): 53-63 (In Persian) Barber, Stephen. Projected Cities. Cinema and Urban Space. London: Reaktion books, 2002. Benyamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. New York: Schocken books, 1936. Berg, Bruce. L. and Howard Lune. Qualitative Reaserch Method for Social Science. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 2001. Burckhardt, Titus. “The Spirit of Islamic Art”. Persian Translation by Hosein Nasr. Art and People Quarterly, no. 55 (2015): 2-7. (In Persian) Caygill, Howard. Walter Benyamin: The Coiour of Experience. London: Routledge, 1988. Ejlali, Parviz. Social Transformation and Cinematic Films in Iran: Sociology of Iranian Popular Films (1309-1357). Tehran: Agah, 2016. Farahmandian, H. and R. Rezazade. “Film as a Tool for Teaching Urban Design”. Name Memari Va Shahrsazi, no. 3(Februray 2009): 66-80. (In Persian) Ghahremani, MB., M. Piravivanak, H. Mazaherian, and A. Sayyad. “The Moving Body of the Observer and the Formation of Spatial Sequences in Cinematic Architecture”. Honarhaye Ziba, vol. 19, no. 4 (Winter 1392): 27-36. (In Persian) Goharipoor, H. and P. Ejlali. “Images of the City in Iranian Movies 1930-2011”. Dissertation in the field of urban planning, Allameh Tabatabei University, 2013. (In Persian) Goharipoor, H. and P. Ejlali. “Images of the City in Iranian Movies 1930-2011”. Social Science Quarterly, no. 68 (Summer 2015): 229-278. (In Persian) Goharipoor, H. and GH. Latifi. City and Cinema, Analyzing the image of Tehran in Iranian fiction cinema. Tehran: Negarestan Andishe Publication, 2019. (In Persian) Hall, Stuart. Meaning, Culture and Social Life. Persian Translated by A. Golmohammadi. Tehran: Nashre Ney, 2014. (In Persian) Hall, Stuart. The Work of Representation, In Cultural Representation and Signifying Practice. Sage Publication, 1997. Homafar, Milad and Mohammad Homafar. “Reading Iran’s Urban Developments Through Cinematic Works (Case Study of Dariush Mehrjooi’s Feature Films)”. Third International Research Conference in Science and Technology, Berlin-Germany, July 9, 2016. (In Persian) Hoseyni, B., E. Abizadeh, and V. Bagheri. “Architecture and Cinema, Complementary and Identity Elements of Space and Place”. Armanshahr, vol. 2, no. 3 (Summer 2009): 113-120. (In Persian) Kazemi, A. and B. Mahmoudi. “The Problemetic of Urban Modernity; Tehran in Cinema before the Islamic Revolution”. Journal of Cultural Studies and Communication, no. 12 (2008): 89-114. (In Persian) Khodaei, Z. and AB. Taghvaei. “Personality of the Islamic City with Emphasis on the Physical Dimensions of the Islamic City”. Scientific Research Quarterly of Iranian Islamic City, vol. 2, no. 4 (Summer 2011): 103-113. (In Persian) Lang, John. Urban Design: A Typology of Procedures and Products. Oxford: Architectural press, 2005. Madanipoor, A. Public and Private Spaces of the City. Tehran: Urban Planning and Processing Company Publication, 2008. (In Persian) ________ . “Representation of Space in Contemporary Iranian Cinema”. Iran Nameh, vol. 27, no. 1 (2012): 122-140. (In Persian) Mahdavinejad, GH., MJ. Mahdavinejad, A. Toghraei, and S. Ghazipoor. “Iconological Analysis of the Concept of the City in the Independent and Mainstream Cinema of the World (1980-2010)”. Nameye Honarhaye Namayeshi Va Musighi, no. 6 (Summer 2013): 75-82. (In Persian) Mahmoodi, B. City and Cinema in Iran. Tehran: Elmi Va Farhangi Publication, 2021. (In Persian) Mazumdar, Ranjani. Bombay cinema. An Archive of the City. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press, 2007. Mennel, B. Cities and Cinema. Persian Translation by N. Poormohammadreza and N. Isapoor. Tehran: Bidgol Publication, 2019. (In Persian) Mohammadi, J., S. Moayyedfar, and A. Safarabadi. “The Islamic City beyond the Dome and Minaret”. Quarterly Scientific Journal of Iranian Islamic City Studies, no. 9 (Autumn 2012): 25-36. (In Persian) Mokhtabad Amreei, M. and S. Panahi. “Investigating and Analyzing the Role of Interior Architecture in the Manifestation of Meaning in Science Fiction Films”. Honarhaye Ziba, no. 30 (Summer 2007): 107-118. (In Persian) Montazarghaem, M. and MH. Yadegari. “Studying the Representation of Hijab, Clothing and Make-up of Female Actresses in the Posters of Iranian Movies and Its Compatibility with the Cultural Policies of the Three Governments (constructionist, reformist and fundamentalist) Using Stuart Hall’s Discourse Approach”. A Two-quarter Scientific-research Journal of Religion and Communication, vol. 22, no. 2 (Winter 2015): 157-194. (In Persian) Naghizadeh, M. “A Reflection on the Nature of the Islamic City”. Iranian-Islamic City Studies Quarterly, no. 1 (2010):1-14. (In Persian) Pakbaz, Rouin. Encyclopedia of Art. Tehran: Nashre Farhange Maaser Publication, 2007. (In Persian) Panahi, S., M. Mokhtabad Amreei, and M. Navabakhsh. Investigation and Analysis of the Role of Cinema in Criticizing Modern Urbanism”. City Identity, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 13-24. (In Persian) Penz, Francois. Cinema & Architecture, Symposium on Cinema & Architecture. London: british film institute publishing, 1995. Peirce, C.S. The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Harward University press, 1931-1958. Piravivanak, M. Icon Terminology and Iconography. Tehran: Ensanshenasi and Farhang Publication, 2013. (In Persian) Rahimian, M. Cinema: Architecture in Motion. Tehran: Sorush Publication, 2004. (In Persian) Ravadrad, A. and B. Mahmudi. “The Image of the City of Tehran in Iranian Fiction Cinema (After the Revolution)”. Tahghighat Farhangi Iran, no. 14 (June 2011): 1-25. (In Persian) Ravanshadnia, S., M. Mokhtabad Amreei, D. Diba, and S. Panahi. “Sociological Analysis of Tehran City in the Cinematic Works of the 1960s and 1970s with an Emphasis on ‘Khesht va Ayeneh’ and ‘Daayere-ye Mina’”. Armanshahr, no. 13 (June 2020): 57-67. (In Persian) Rezazadeh, Razieh and H. Farahmandian. “Reflection of Urban Space in Modern Iranian Cinema”. Honarhaye Ziba, no. 42 (Summer 2010): 13-25. (In Persian) Rojek, Chris. Cultural Studies. Cambridge: Polity, 2007. Samim, R., M. Samdani, and A. Amjadi. “Representation of the Physical Appearance of Tehran in Contemporary Iranian Cinema”. Society, Culture, Media Quarterly, no. 13 (Winter 2013): 49-59. (In Persian) Shell, Mark and Toni FitzMorris. Cinema and the City: Film and Urban Societies in a Global Context. Persian Translation by Mitra Alavi & Mahmud Arbabi. Tehran: Rozaneh Publications, 2012. (In Persian) Talebinejad, A. Tehran in Iranian Cinema, Tehran: Rosenha, 2011. (In Persian) Tavassoli, M. and N. Boniadi. Urban Space Design 1. Tehran: Iran Urban Planning and Architecture Studies and Research Center, 1992. (In Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 683 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 462 |
||