بررسی تاثیر آلودگیهای محیط زیستی بر سلامت شهری با تاکید بر عدالت اجتماعی (مطالعه موردی: محلات شهر رشت) | ||
| فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 8، شماره 16، فروردین 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/sdge.2023.232513.1138 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| میلاد بابایی الیاسی؛ علی اکبر سالاری پور* | ||
| گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه: رشد روزافزون جمعیت شهری در دهههای اخیر، خساراتی به اجتماعات انسانی و محیط زیست انسان وارد کرده است؛ به طوری که عدم توجه کافی و رسیدگی به این موضوع در آیندهای کوتاه خسارات مالی، انسانی و زیست محیطی جبران ناپذیری را به محیط جغرافیایی زیست انسان وارد میسازد. در این راستا با توجه به اهمیت و ضرورت مبحث عدالت محیط زیستی در سلامت شهری و وجود نارساییها و ناسازگاریهای گسترده در این حوزه هدف از نگارش مقاله حاضر، بررسی تاثیر آلودگیهای محیط زیستی بر سلامت شهری با تاکید بر عدالت اجتماعی در سطح محلات سیاه اسطلخ، رودبارتان، فخب و شهرک کمپوست شهر رشت است که در سال ۱۴۰۱ انجام گرفته است. مواد و روشها: این پژوهش از نظر هدف جزء تحقیقات کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش جزء پژوهشهای توصیفی - تحلیلی به حساب میآید. گردآوری دادهها از طریق پرسشنامهای با ۱۰ شاخص اصلی و ۵۱ گویه از طریق مرور اسناد معتبر پژوهشی و برداشتهای میدانی استخراج شده است. بدین منظور جهت مطمئن شدن از روایی پرسشنامه و همچنین شاخصها و گویههای انتخاب شده، این سوالات در اختیار ۷ نفر از اساتید و پژوهشگران شهرسازی و جغرافیای شهری قرار گرفت و پس از اعمال نظرات آنها، در نهایت پرسشنامه اصلاح و تایید شد. به طوری که شاخصهای آلودگی هوا، صوتی، آب و خاک، بصری، پوشش گیاهی، رفتار زیست محیطی، بهداشت محیط، محیط کالبدی - خدماتی، نظام سلامت شهری و عدالت که در شکل گیری آلودگیهای محیط زیستی محلات شهر رشت دخیل هستند شناسایی و جهت رسیدن به هدف پژوهش به کار گرفته شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش، شهروندان بالای ۱۵ سال ساکن در محلات مورود مطالعه و منتخب شهر رشت هستند که بر اساس آخرین سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن سال ۱۳۹۵، بالغ بر ۵۰۰۰۰ نفر جمعیت داشته است لذا حجم نمونه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران ۳۸۱ نفر با ضریب اطمینان ۹۵/۰ تعیین گردید. اما به دلیل پایایی بهتر و رند شدن حجم پرسشنامه تعداد 400 نمونه، به گونهای که هر محله تعداد 100 پرسشنامه، مورد پرسش قرار بگیرد در نظر گرفته شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل یافتههای حاصل از مطالعات میدانی نیز از نرم افزارهای SPSS ، Smart PLS و آزمونهای آماری معادلات ساختاری و فریدمن، استفاده شده است. نتایج و بحث: یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد میان عوامل آلودگی محیط زیستی و عدالت در سلامت شهری رابطهای بسیار قوی و مثبت وجود دارد. بهطوریکه ضریب مسیر بهدست آمده آن با ۶۹۱/۰، بیان میدارد که فرضیه تحقیق مورد تائید میباشد ازاینرو آلودگی محیط زیستی بر روی سلامت شهری تاثیر معناداری داشته و این تاثیر شدت بالای دارد. در میان چهار محله مورد مطالعه از نظر میران آلودگی ترتیب محلات عبارتاند از: رودبارتان، سیاه اسطلخ، فخب و در نهایت شهرک کمپوست. به این صورت که محله شهرک کمپوست به دلیل قرار گیری در رتبه آخر از میزان آلودگی بیشتری برخوردار است. نتیجهگیری: در نهایت با استفاده از آزمون فریدمن مشخص شد از میان چهار محله مورد بررسی، بیشترین میزان نارضایتی از آلودگی محیط زیستی و سلامت شهری متعلق به محله شهرک کمپوست (با میانگین ۹۴/۱) است و پس از آن نیز به ترتیب محلات فخب (با میانگین ۱۹/۲)، سیاه اسطلخ (با میانگین ۷۷/۲) و در نهایت محله رودبارتان (با میانگین ۶۰/۳) قرار دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| محیط زیست؛ عدالت اجتماعی؛ سلامت شهری؛ شهر رشت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the Impact of Environmental Pollution on Urban Health with an Emphasis on Social Justice (Case study: Neighborhoods of Rasht City) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Milad Babaei Eliasi؛ Ali Akbar Salaripour | ||
| Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The ever-increasing growth of the urban population in recent decades has caused damage to human communities and the human environment. So the lack of attention to this issue in the near future will cause irreparable financial, human, and environmental damage to the geographical environment of human life, In this regard, given the importance and necessity of the issue of environmental justice in urban health and the existence of widespread inadequacies and inconsistencies in this area, the purpose of this article is to: investigate the impact of environmental pollution on urban health with an emphasis on social justice in the neighborhoods of Siah Astalakh, Rudbartan, Fakhb, and Shahrak‑e Kompost in Rasht (2022). Materials and Methods: This research is considered an applied research in terms of its purpose and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature and method. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire with 10 main indicators and 51 items extracted through a review of valid research documents and field observations. For this purpose, in order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire and the selected indicators and items, these questions were provided to seven professors and researchers of urban planning and urban geography, and after applying their opinions, the questionnaire was finally revised and approved. Accordingly of air pollution, noise, water and soil, visual, vegetation, environmental behavior, environmental health, physical environment - services, urban health system and justice that are involved in the formation of environmental pollution in the neighborhoods of Rasht were identified and used to achieve the research goal. The statistical population consisted of citizens over 15 years of age living in the selected neighborhoods of Rasht, which, according to the latest general population and housing census of 2016, had a population of over 50,000 people. Therefore, the statistical sample size was determined using the Cochran formula as 381 people with a confidence coefficient of 0.95. However, due to better reliability and randomization of the questionnaire size, 400 samples were considered, so that 100 questionnaires were distributed in each neighborhood. SPSS, Smart PLS software, structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Friedman test were used to analyze the findings from the field studies. Results and Discussion: The findings of the research showed that there are very strong and positive relationships between the factors of environmental pollution and justice in urban health. So that the path coefficient obtained with 0.691 indicates that the hypothesis is confirmed, therefore environmental pollution has a significant effect on justice in urban health and this effect is of high intensity. Among the four neighborhoods studied, the order of pollution levels is: Rudbartan, Siah Astalakh, Fakhb, and finally Shahrak Kompost. The Shahrak-e compost neighborhood has a higher level of pollution due to its ranking in the last place. Conclusion: Based on the results of the Friedman test it was found that among the four investigated neighborhoods, the highest level of dissatisfaction with environmental pollution and urban health belongs to the Shahrak Compost neighborhood (with an average of 1.94), followed by neighborhoods Fakhb (with an average of 2.19), Siah Astalakh (with an average of 2.77) and lastly Rudbartan neighborhood (with an average of 3.60) is located. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| environmental pollution, social justice, urban health, Rasht city | ||
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