اثر سازه‌های عرضی (پل) بر روی مورفولوژی رودخانه (مطالعه موردی: روستای جوربند، چمستان، مازندران)

خیری, افسانه; حسین زاده, محمد مهدی; صدوق ونینی, سیدحسن

doi:10.48308/esrj.2022.102444

	اثر سازه‌های عرضی (پل) بر روی مورفولوژی رودخانه (مطالعه موردی: روستای جوربند، چمستان، مازندران)
پژوهشهای دانش زمین
مقاله 10، دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، 1401، صفحه 150-171 اصل مقاله (1.61 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/esrj.2022.102444
نویسندگان
افسانه خیری¹؛ محمد مهدی حسین زاده^* ²؛ سیدحسن صدوق ونینی¹
¹گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
²گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
بررسی نقش انسان در تغییرات محیطی همواره یکی از موضوعات مهم مطالعات محیطی بوده است. جاده به عنوان یکی از مظاهر دخالت انسان در محیط و به خصوص در سیستمهای رودخانهای، سازهای ناگزیر جهت حمل و نقل و ارتباطات بشری است. اثرات پل بر سیستم رودخانه از جنبههای مختلف (مورفومتریک، ژئومورفولوژی، هیدرولوژی و...) مورد توجه است. در بررسی اثر پل در روستای جوربند (واقع در حوضه واز، استان مازندران شهرستان چمستان) جهت دستیابی به دادههای دقیق از روش فتوگرامتری برد کوتاه با استفاده از پهپاد استفاده شد. پس از تهیه لایه رقومی ارتفاعی و نقشه ارتوفتوی محدوده، بررسی و مقایسه ضریب تغییرات در پارامترهای مختلف (پروفیل طولی، مقطع عرضی، بیشترین عمق، میانگین عمق مقطع، عرض کانال، نسبت عرض به عمق، سرعت جریان، قدرت جریان، عدد فرود، تنش برشی، شاخص سینوسیته، شاخص تقارن و شاخص بریس) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمام پارامترها در بالادست و پاییندست پل با هم تفاوت دارند این درحالیست که از نظر محیطی شرایط بالادست و پاییندست در وضعیت یکسانی از نظر کاربری، زمین شناسی و هیدرولوژی قرار دارند. ضریب تغییرات پارامترهای مختلف در بالادست برابر با 79/36 درصد و در پاییندست برابر با 42/43 درصد است. پارامتر شیب، تنش برشی و قدرت رود در بالادست و پاییندست پل بیشترین تغییرات را نشان میدهد. پژوهش فوق نشان داد که ساخت سازهای مانند پل در مسیر جریان رود سبب تغییرات عمده در محیط رودخانهای میشود که برآورد میزان این تغییرات میتواند گام مؤثری در امر مدیریت اکوسیستم رودخانه و سازههای انسانی باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پل؛ تغییرات انسانی؛ رودخانه؛ جوربند؛ فتوگرامتری برد کوتاه
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of cross construction (bridge) on river morphology (case study, Jurband village, Chamestan, Mazandaran)
نویسندگان [English]
Afsaneh Kheiri¹؛ Mohammad Mahdi Hosseinzadeh²؛ Hasan Sadugh-vanini¹
¹Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
², Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
چکیده [English]
Introduction Humans alter river systems directly and indirectly. Construction of bridge and culvert is one of the anthropogenic interventions which take place. Road-stream crossing (RSC) is essential to be installed on the river lines for roadway transportation, while incorrect and structurally poor RSCs often negatively influence the geomorphology and ecology of river systems. Culvert and bridges can increase stream flow velocity, shear stress, turbulence of flow, degradation and aggradation, development of deep scours, channel braiding and downstream bank erosion. Jones et al., 2000; Wemple et al., 2001 & Blanton and Marcus, 2009, previously worked on the impact of roads on fluvial geomorphology with changing floodplain’s form and function. The difficult issue in survey study is gathering, up-to-date and easy to use data with high accuracy, therefore short-rang photogrammetry was used in this research. Method and Materials In this investigation, the effect of bridge on river system was analyzed in Jurband village in Mazandaran province. Documentary references, remote sensing (UAV) and survey are 3 methods used. Longitudinal and cross-section profiles were drawn on digital elevation model. The model was generated from UAV with high resolution (pixel size: 4.6 cm). Longitudinal profile was obtained from survey along 400m from upstream to downstream and 8 cross-section sites were selected for detailed study in upstream (U) and downstream (D) of river channel (on bridge section, 25m, 50m, 100m, 200m). Results The channel slope is smooth rend. After bridge cross section, the channel bed has collapsed at a rate of 8m gradually. In investigated reaches, all of cross sections had no change in width index except in 25U section. According to coefficient of variation index, parameters were 18.47% upstream and 2.8% in downstream. Maximum depth was in bridge cross section (1.40m) and in 200D (1.18m). The minimum amount of depth maximum and mean was in 25D (respectively 0.74m and 0.37m). There was a significant difference in W/d ratio in upstream to downstream, about 22m decrease in downstream. Cross-section area varies from 25D (65.7m) to bridge section (79.26m). The significant difference of bank-full area was 42% in all selected reaches. According to information, amount of flow velocity altered from 38.1 m/s in bridge cross-section to 18.4 m/s in 25D cross-section. Also, the maximum and minimum rate of Froude number and power stream were obtained at 25D and bridge cross-section respectively. Sinuosity index (SI) of cross-sections were equal with 1 except in 200U (1.30) , 50D (1.20) and 200D (1.10). Discussion Based on The principle of flow continuity, it can be stated that the amount of discharge was the same in reaches and variation in channel parameters is due to bridge construction. Because of scour in upstream over the time, altitude differences has changed in river bed and bank side between 3-4 m. After bridge construction, degradation in upstream has stopped due to local bed level foundation but sedimentation and widening of channel has increased about 2-3 meter lower than bank side. Nevertheless, degradation and scouring has increased in downstream and bed collapsing has occurred up to 8m after bridge section.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Bridge, Anthropogenic changes, River, Jurband, short-range photogrammetry

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اثر سازه‌های عرضی (پل) بر روی مورفولوژی رودخانه (مطالعه موردی: روستای جوربند، چمستان، مازندران)