درآمدی بر فهم اعیانسازی و پیامدهای ناخوشایند آن، نمونۀ موردی: تجربۀ مستأجران درتهران | ||
| صفه | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 26، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 75، دی 1395، صفحه 79-98 اصل مقاله (221 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مونا تاج بخش* 1؛ جهانشاه پاکزاد2 | ||
| 1دانشجوى دکترى طراحى شهرى دانشکدة معمارى و شهرسازى، دانشگاه شهید بهشتى | ||
| 2استاد دانشکدة معمارى و شهرسازى، دانشگاه شهید بهشتى | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این نوشتار مطالعه در مورد مفهوم «Gentrification» است. واژهای که از حدود نیمقرن پیش در بیان یکی از دغدغههای مطرح در حوزۀ مسائل شهری و اجتماعی در بافتار شهرهای اروپا و امریکای شمالی، به ادبیات این حوزهها وارد شد. این واژه با برابرنهاده «اعیانسازی»، اغلب با اشاراتی گذرا در متون شهری و اجتماعی ایران نیز به چشم میخورد و با خود ابهاماتی را به همراه آورده است. به طور مثال برخی به اشتباه آن را جزو رویکردهای مطرح در مرمت شهری (مانند باززندهسازی یا نوسازی) میپندارند و برخی نیز هرچند به تفاوت ماهوی آن با مفاهیم یاد شده توجه کردهاند؛ ولی نسبت به میزان انطباق ابعاد آن با شرایط شهر و محله ایرانی آگاهی ندارند.در این مطالعه، نگارندگان در گام نخست، با هدف معرفی مفهوم اعیانسازی و رفع ابهامات موجود پیرامون این واژه در ایران، به تاریخچه، تعاریف رایج، و سازوکار اعیانسازی، آنطور که در جوامع شهری توسعهیافته تجربه و روایت شده، پرداختهاند. سپس به منظور درک تجربۀ اقشار آسیبپذیر از اعیانسازی در بافتار یک جامعۀ ایرانی، مطالعهای بومی در این خصوص انجام شده است. این بخش از مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی به انجام رسیده است. روش جمعآوری دادهها، مصاحبه، و روش تحلیل دادهها تحلیل تماتیک (مضمونی/ درونمایهای) است.ماحصل این مطالعه درآمدی است بر فهم اعیانسازی، آنگونه که در متون شهرسازی و جامعهشناسی به آن اشاره شده و در تکمیل آن، شناخت اعیانسازی است، به مثابۀ یکی از پیامدهای ناخوشایند پروژههای شهری، آنگونه که از سوی شهروندی اجارهنشین و ایرانی تجربه میشود. با تحلیل تماتیک دادههای بومی، اعیانسازی برای گروه مورد مطالعه محرکی تنشزا جلوه میکند و «بحران در برساخت هویت، تهدید سلامت، افزایش انزوا، بحران در دلبستگی به مکان و برساخت خاطره، و همچنین تغییر ارزشهای اخلاقی اجتماع» درونمایههای اصلی در روایت شرکتکنندگان در این مطالعه و تجربههای پیامدهای ناخوشایند اعیانسازی قلمداد میشوند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اعیانسازی؛ بازآفرینی؛ پیامدها؛ طرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Gentrification and its Adverse Impacts: The Case of Tenants in Tehran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mona TajBakhsh1؛ Jahanshah Pakzad2 | ||
| 1PhD Candidate, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University | ||
| 2Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| ‘Gentrification’ is usually defined as the replacement of residents of a certain urban precinct by a wealthier income group. It could be because of a deliberate choice or the result of an involuntary eviction. Despite a common misunderstanding that gentrification is a planned approach in urban upgrading—similar to urban renewal, revitalization or regeneration—it is in fact a side effect of an upgrading project, which adversely affects the intended outcomes and defeats the actual purpose of such urban conservation programs. After an initial review of the meanings and definitions of gentrification, this research examines its process and consequences in some districts of Tehran Metropolis. For this purpose, a short list of some 40 tenants is developed comprising of low to middle-income tenants who had recently relocated from districts exposed to gentrification processes to cheaper surrounding neighborhoods. A smaller group of some 15 interviewees is then selected for deep semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of these interviews demonstrated code categorizations resulting in two main core themes, i.e. crisis in individual-self relations and crisis in environment-self interactions. The main themes under the former include challenges in building and expressing a personal identity; as well as issues related to individual or household health. Adverse impacts under the latter core theme include an increase in social seclusion; reduction in place attachment; indifference towards community-engagement; lack of common memories; and depreciation of social and/or moral values. | ||
| مراجع | ||
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